The structure of a lithium battery is relatively simple, consisting primarily of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator. The positive and negative electrodes are each coated with active materials and connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery via current collectors (such as aluminum foil and copper foil).
The electrolyte fills the gap between the positive and negative electrodes, allowing lithium ions to be transported through the microporous structure of the separator.
During charging, lithium ions are released from the positive electrode material, pass through the electrolyte and separator, and then embed into the negative electrode material. Simultaneously, electrons flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode through an external circuit, generating a charging current.
During discharging, lithium ions are released from the negative electrode material, pass through the electrolyte and separator, and then re-embed into the positive electrode material. Simultaneously, electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through an external circuit, generating a discharge current.
